Voltage selection for micro motors

1、 How does voltage affect motor performance
The speed and torque of a micro DC motor are like a person's heartbeat and strength - the higher the voltage, the faster the speed (up to 10000 revolutions per minute or more), but the heat generation also increases significantly. When powered by 3.3V, the speed is about 60% of the nominal value, suitable for scenarios that require quietness and long lifespan; A 5V power supply can release all performance, but continuous high temperature will shorten the life of the carbon brush by about 30%.
2、 Balancing energy consumption and efficiency
The difference in energy consumption under different voltages is beyond imagination:
1. Standby mode: 3.3V saves 40% of power compared to 5V
2. Full load operation: The total power of 5V is 2.3 times that of 3.3V
3. Heat loss: About 15% of electrical energy is converted into useless heat under 5V operating conditions
Lithium battery power supply projects prefer 3.3V, while plug-in devices can consider 5V solutions.
3、 Practical Application Selection Guide
Multiple choice questions based on usage scenarios:
Drive motor for toy car: choose 5V to obtain explosive power
Silent motor for smart curtains: 3.3V is more suitable
When PWM speed regulation is required: it is recommended to use 5V power supply and duty cycle control
Important reminder: Exceeding the nominal voltage by 20% may cause irreversible damage. Before modification, be sure to check the inscription on the motor housing.